Calvin J. Caliat
GESecOM department, College of Arts and Sciences, Mindanao State University Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, 7500, Philippines
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i11-22Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT:
Entrepreneurial skills play an essential role in the entrepreneurial process to business success, especially for student entrepreneurs. This paper aims to identify the level of importance of entrepreneurial skills of student entrepreneurs at the Mindanao State University Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography. A descriptive research method was used. The snowball and convenience sampling technique were applied for respondents’ identification. There were 55 students who participated in this study from different course programs. A Likert-scaling survey questionnaire was employed for data collection. The percentage method was utilized to analyse the data collected. The result shows that all entrepreneurial skills are vitally important to the respondents. Creativity is the highest value as very important. However, communication and leadership skills are the highest response on not important. The significance is to help student entrepreneurs for business continuity through the technical assistance of the university by conducting seminars and training and financial support by public and private organizations.
KEYWORDS:Entrepreneurial Characteristics, Entrepreneurial Skills, Entrepreneurship, Student Entrepreneurs, Youth Entrepreneurship
REFERENCES1) Abu Mostafa, Y.A., Salama, A.A., Abu Amuna, Y.M. and Aqel, A.M. 2021 The Role of Strategic Leadership in Activating Time Management Strategies to Enhance Administrative Creativity Skills “Case Study: Al-Azhar University." International Journal of Academic Management Science Research, Vol. 5 (3), pp 36-48. ISSN: 2643-900X
2) Adejimola, A.S., and Olunfunmilayo, T-O. 2009 Spinning off an Entrepreneurship Culture among Nigerian University Students: Prospects and Challenges. African Journal of Business Management, Vol.3 (3), 080–088. ISSN 1993-8233
3) Alvarez, C. M. O., Taylor, K. A. and Rauseo, N. A. 2015 Creating Thoughtful Salespeople: Experiential Learning to Improve Critical Thinking Skills in Traditional and Online Sales Education. Marketing Education Review, 25(3), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/10528008.2015.1044859
4) Anwar, I. and Saleem, I. 2019 Exploring Entrepreneurial Characteristics among University Students: An Evidence from India. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 282–295. DOI 10.1108/APJIE-07-2018-0044
5) Ashcroft, S. 2004 Commercial Negotiation Skills. Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 36 No. 6, pp. 229–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/00197850410556658
6) Bagheri, A. and Lope Pihie, Z.A. 2011 On Becoming an Entrepreneurial Leader: A Focus on the Impacts of University Entrepreneurship Programs. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 8 (9): 884-892. ISSN 1546-9239
7) Bagheri, A. and Lope Pihie, Z. A. 2012 Role of University Entrepreneurship Programs in Developing Students’ Entrepreneurial Leadership Competencies: Perspectives from Malaysian Undergraduate Students. Journal of Education for Business, 88(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2011.638681
8) Bagheri, A., Lope Pihie, Z. A. and Krauss, S. E. 2013 Entrepreneurial leadership competencies among Malaysian university student entrepreneurial leaders. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 33(4), 493–508. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2013.822789
9) Bapanova, G. K., Orekhova, N. V., Kadirsizova, S. B., Kasbayeva, G. S. and Sholpankulova, G. K. 2023 Research Skills as the Student Learning Achievement. International Journal of Educational Reform, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/10567879231155874
10) Bhaskar, P., K, G. and V, V. 2022 A Study on Challenges Faced by Entrepreneurs. Journal of Positive School Psychology, Vol. 6, No. 10, 3871-3879.
11) Bin Mazla, M.I., Bin Jabor, M.K., Tufail, K., Yakin, A.F.N. and Zainal, H. 2020 The Roles of Creativity and Innovation in Entrepreneurship. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200921.035
12) Birdthistle, N. 2008 An examination of tertiary students’ desire to found an enterprise. Education + Training. 50(7), 552-567. DOI: 10.1108/00400910810909027
13) Bujor, A. and Avasilcai, S. 2016 The Creative Entrepreneur: A Framework of Analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 221, 21 – 28. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.086
14) Caliat, C. (2024). Entrepreneurial Intention and Influence for Entrepreneurial Engagement of Student Entrepreneurs. (2024). Social Science and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), 8(04), 34983-34999
15) Caliat, C.J., Dalhadi, N.J. and Ishmael, K.M. 2024 Entrepreneurship Education in the Lens of the Senior High School Students. ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development, Vol. 41 (1), Art 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61931/2224-9028.1554
16) Calma, A. 2023 Using Assurance of Learning Data to Assess Business Students’ Research Skills. Quality Assurance in Education, Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 586-599. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-01-2023-0003
17) Cater, J.J., Young, M., Al-Shammari, M. and James, K. 2022 Re-Exploring Entrepreneurial Intentions and Personality Attributes during a Pandemic. Journal of International Education in Business, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIEB-04-2021-0050
18) Chapter 3 Entrepreneurs: Key Characteristics and Skills. n.d. Center for Economic & Financial Education (CEFE). http://www.cefe.illinois.edu/tools/making%20a%20job/maj_student%20guide%20sample.pdf
19) Chell, E. 2013 Review of Skill and the Entrepreneurial Process. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 19(1): 6-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551311299233
20) Chen, S-C., Hsiao, H-C., Chang, J-C., Chou, C-M and Chen, D.-C. 2018 Strengthen Entrepreneurial Capacity in Entrepreneurial Competitions—International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age. ISBN: 978-989-8533-81-4
21) Chen, W., Weng, C.S. and Hsu, H. 2010 A study of the Entrepreneurship of Taiwanese Youth by the Chinese Entrepreneur Aptitude Scale. Journal of Technology Management in China, 5(1) p.26-39. DOI: 10.1108/17468771011032778
22) Colakkadioglu, O. and Celik, B. 2016 The Effect of Decision-Making Skill Training Programs on Self-Esteem and Decision-Making Styles. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 65, 259-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.65.15
23) Conrad, D. and Newberry, R. 2011 24 Business Communication Skills: Attitudes of Human Resource Managers versus Business Educators. American Communication Journal, Vol 13 (1).
24) Cooney, T. 2012 Entrepreneurship Skills for Growth-Orientated Businesses. Danish Business Authority. Retrieved on May 2024 from https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/cooney_entrepreneurship_skills_HGF.pdf
25) Cossa, A., Madaleno, M. and Mota, J. 2018 Financial Literacy Importance for Entrepreneurship: A Literature Survey. European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, pp. 909-9016. https://doi.org/https:/tinyurl.com/ECIE18
26) Dampérat, M, Jeannot, F., Jongmans, E. and Jolibert, A. 2016 Team Creativity: Creative Self-Efficacy, Creative Collective Efficacy and Their Determinants. Recherche et Applications en Marketing, 31(3): 6–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/2051570716650164
27) Davies, D.K., Stock, S.E. and Wehmeyer, M.L. 2002 Enhancing Independent Time-Management Skills of Individuals with Mental Retardation Using a Palmtop Personal Computer. Ment Retard, 40 (5): 358–365. https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2002)040%3C0358:EITMSO%3E2.0.CO;2
28) de Vries, M. S., and Kroukamp, H. 2023 Decision-making skills in the fourth industrial revolution. Teaching Public Administration, 41(3), 389-407. https://doi.org/10.1177/01447394221119087
29) Deac, V., Vrîncuţ M. and Păun, O. 2014 The Importance of Negotiation in Business Management. Business Excellence and Management, 4 (1), pp 37-46.
30) Ding, L. 2022 Improving the process of better decision-making skills in students in the society. Global Journal of Medical, Physical and Health Education, Vol 10 (1). DOI: 10.15651/2449-1802.22.10.042
31) Dodgson, M. and Gann, D. 2020 Universities Should Support More Student Entrepreneurs. Here's Why—And How. Available online: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/10/universities-should-support-more-student-entrepreneurs/ (accessed on June 02 2024).
32) Dwi Radianto, W.E., Efrata, T.C. and Dewi, L. 2019 Level of Financial Literacy in Young Entrepreneurs: Study on Entrepreneurship-based University. International Conference on Economics, Education, Business and Accounting, KnE Social Sciences, pages 385–398. DOI 10.18502/kss.v3i11.4022
33) Effeney, G., Carroll, A. and Bahr, N. 2013 Self-Regulated Learning: Key strategies and their sources in a sample of adolescent males. Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology. Vol 13, pp. 58-74. ISSN 1446-5442
34) Eggers, F., Lovelace, K.J. and Kraft, F. 2017 Fostering creativity through critical thinking: The case of business startup simulations. Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol 26 (3), p. 266-276. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12225
35) Farid, S. M. and Rahman, S. A. 2020 Identifying the Challenges of Involvement in Entrepreneurship Activities among a Group of Undergraduates. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 7(2), 246-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.697597
36) Fioravanti, M.L., de Oliveira Sestito, C. D., de Deus, W. S., Scatalon, L. P. and Barbosa, E. F. 2022 Role-Playing Games for Fostering Communication and Negotiation Skills. IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. 65 (3), pp. 384-393. doi: 10.1109/TE.2021.3117898.
37) Gibson, C., H. Hardy III, J. and Ronald Buckley, M. 2014 Understanding the Role of Networking in Organizations. Career Development International, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp. 146-161. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-09-2013-0111
38) Gül, M., Golmohammadi, H., Pashaie, S. and Tuncer, M. 2024 Analyzing the Relationship Between Individual Time Management Skills and Business Attitude of Sports Science Students. Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research, 2024, 102, 58–69. DOI: 10.2478/pcssr-2024-0005
39) Guliman, S.D.O. 2015 An Evaluation of Financial Literacy of Micro and Small Enterprise Owners in Iligan City: Knowledge and Skills. Journal of Global Business, Vol 4 (1),
40) Gundry, L.K., Ofstein, L.F. and Kickul, J.R. 2014 Seeing around corners: How creativity skills in entrepreneurship education influence innovation in business. The International Journal of Management Education, Vol 12 (3), pp 529-538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.03.002
41) Gwija, S.A., Eresia-Eke, C. and Iwu, C.G. 2014 Challenges and Prospects of Youth Entrepreneurship Development in a Designated Community in the Western Cape, South Africa. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 10-20. ISSN: 2220-6140.
42) Habaradas, R. B. and Tullao, T. S. 2017 Pathways to Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
43) Haynie, M. and Shepherd, D.A. 2009 A Measure of Adaptive Cognition for Entrepreneurship Research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33: 695–714. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00322.x
44) Hidayatulloh, M.K.Y. and Ashoumi, H. 2022 Creativity and entrepreneur knowledge to increase entrepreneurial intent among vocational school students. Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 434~439. DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v16i4.19771
45) Høgevold, N., Rodriguez, R., Svensson, G. and Otero-Neira, C. 2021 B to B Sellers’ Skill Level in Sales Performance – Frameworks and Findings. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 28(3), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/1051712X.2021.1974169
46) Hung, A.A., Parker, A.M. and Yoong, J.K. 2009 Defining and Measuring Financial Literacy. RAND Working Paper Series WR-708, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1498674 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1498674
47) Irene, B. 2017 Women entrepreneurship in South Africa: understanding the role of competencies in business success. The Southern Africa Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, Vol 9 (1). DOI:10.4102/sajesbm.v9i1.121
48) Jasra, J.M., Khan, M.A., Hunjra, A.I., Rehman, R.A.U. and Azam, R. 2011 Determinants of Business Success of Small and Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2 No. 20.
https://ssrn.com/abstract=2130356
49) Kerr, S.P., Kerr, W.R. and Xu, T. 2017 Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature. (Working Paper 18-04). https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/18-047_b0074a64-5428-479b-8c83-16f2a0e97eb6.pdf
50) Kharbanda, O.P. and Stallworthy, E.A. 1991 Negotiation: An Essential Management Skill. Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 2-52. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001732
51) Kırbaşlar, M. and Özsoy-Güneş, Z. 2015 The effect of critical thinking disposition on entrepreneurship levels: A Study on Future Teachers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 199 – 207. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.647
52) Koe, W.L., Krishnam, R. and Utami, S. 2018 The Influence of Entrepreneurial Skills On Business Startup Intention Among Bumiputra Students. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12 (2). ISSN: 1985-3157
53) Kollie, J., Louw, W., Monyolo, R., Nkambule, V., Lashley, M., Oriakhi, R., Peters-Richardson, J., Tinai, S., Mphanya, T., Daniel, C. and Powley, R. 2011 Introduction to Entrepreneurship [Course Guide]. Commonwealth of Learning. https://oasis.col.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/24fc6ce7-028e-48b7-8b48-15670a5a5223/content
54) Komulainen, K., Korhonen, M. and Räty, H. 2009 Risk‐taking abilities for everyone? Finnish entrepreneurship education and the enterprising selves imagined by pupils. Gender and Education, 21(6), 631–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540250802680032
55) Kruger, M.E. 2005 Creativity in the Entrepreneurship Domain. [Doctoral Dissertation: University of Pretoria]. UPSpace Institutional Repository. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27491
56) Kurdyś-Kujawska, A. and Wojtkowska, A. 2023 To Be or Not to Be… An Entrepreneur: What Motivates and What Limits Students' Entrepreneurial Initiatives? Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology Organization and Management, Series No. 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.188.15
57) Kusmintarti, A., Thoyib, A., Maskie, G. and Ashar, K. 2016 Entrepreneurial Characteristics as a Mediation of Entrepreneurial Education Influence on Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, Vol 19 (1).
58) Lehmann, D.R. and Winer, R.S. 2005 Product Management, Fourth Edition. McGraw Hill Irwin: New York
59) Li, G., Long, Z., Jiang, Y., Huang, Y., Wang, P. and Huang, Z. 2023 Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship policy and entrepreneurial competence: mediating effect of entrepreneurship competition in China. Education + Training, Vol. 65 No. 4, pp. 607-629. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-06-2021-0218
60) Li, Y. 2021 Research on the Growth Path of College Student Entrepreneurs——A Case Study of Chengdu City in China. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Vol 543. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210407.153
61) Lindelöf, P. and Löfsten, H. 2004 Proximity as a Resource Base for Competitive Advantage: University-Industry Links for Technology Transfer. Journal of Technology Transfer, 29(3-4), 311-326. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOTT.0000034125.29979.ae
62) Little, B. 2018 Time Management. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_871-1
63) Littunen, H. 2000 Entrepreneurship and the Characteristics of the Entrepreneurial Personality. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 6 No. 6, pp. 295-310. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550010362741
64) Lowden, J.S. 2007 Managerial Skills for the Entrepreneur. Emerald Blackfiles.
65) Lyons, T.S. 2002 Building Social Capital for Rural Enterprise Development: Three Case Studies in the United States. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, Vol. 7, no. 2: 193-216
66) Macko, A. and Tyzska, T. 2009 Entrepreneurship and Risk Taking. Applied Psychology, Vol 58 (3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00402.x
67) Makhbul, Z.M. 2011 Entrepreneurial Success: An Exploratory Study among Entrepreneurs. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 6, No. 1; E-ISSN 1833-8119
68) Moore, L.L. and Rudd, R.D. 2004 Leadership Skills and Competencies for Extension Directors and Administrators. Journal of Agricultural Education, Vol 45 (3), pp. 22-33. DOI: 10.5032/jae.2004.03022
69) Oganisjana, K. and Tatjana K. 2012 Does Competence-Oriented Higher Education Lead to Students’ Competitiveness? Engineering Economics, 23: 77–82. doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1228
70) Omeihe, I., Harrison, C., Simba, A. and Omeihe, K. 2023 The role of the entrepreneurial leader: a study of Nigerian SMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Vol. 49, No. 2.
71) Petríková, D. and Soroková, T. 2016 Managerial and Entrepreneurial Skills as Determinants of Business. Polish Journal of Management Studies, Vol.14, No.1. DOI: 10.17512/pjms.2016.14.1.17
72) Pienaar, W.D. and Spoelstra, H.I.J. 1999 Negotiation: Theories, Strategies and Skills. Juta & Co, LTD.
73) Powers, T. L., Jennings, J. C. and DeCarlo, T. E. 2014 An assessment of needed sales management skills. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 34(3), 206–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2014.890900
74) Rakib, M., Azis, M., Azis, F. and Sanusi, D.A. 2023 The Effect of Self-Leadership and Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurship Creativity: An Empirical Study on Online Business Students. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, Vol. 13, No. 3, 209-214. DOI: 10.47750/pegegog.13.03.22
75) Rakib, M., Tawe, A., Azis, M., Syam, A., and Sanusi, D.A. 2022 Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention: Empirical Study of Student Entrepreneurs. Academic of Entrepreneurship Journal, 26(3): 1–12.
76) Ratten, V. 2023 Entrepreneurship: Definitions, Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 42:79–90. DOI: 10.1002/joe.22217
77) Razmak, J., Pitzel, J.W., Belanger, C. and Farhan, W. 2023 Brushing up on Time-Honored Sales Skills to Excel in Tomorrow’s Environment. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 38 No. 4, pp. 701-723. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-12-2020-0533
78) Rembiasz, M. 2017 Student Entrepreneurship – Research on Development. MATEC Web of Conferences, 121, 12015. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20171211201
79) Rodriguez, S. and Lieber, H. 2020 Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Mindset, and Career Readiness in Secondary Students. Journal of Experiential Education, 43(3), 277-298. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825920919462
80) Romero, R.S. and Gono, E.R. 2021 Obstacles in Pursuing Business among Entrepreneurship Students. The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, Vol 5 (5). ISSN: 2581-3889
81) Russell, R., Atchison, M. and Brooks, R. 2008 Business Plan Competitions in Tertiary Institutions: Encouraging Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, Vol 30 (2), p123-138. DOI: 10.1080/13600800801938739
82) Sandoval, L.A. 2022 The Knowledge and Skills Required to Be a Successful Entrepreneur. Applied Economics Teaching Resources, Vol 4 (1)
83) Sayari, K., Jalagat, R. and Dalluay, V. 2017 Assessing the Relationship of Time Management and Academic Performance of the Business Students in Al-Zahra College for Women. European Business & Management, 2017; 3(1): 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ebm.20170301.11
84) Schimperna, F., Nappo, F. and Marsigalia, B. 2022 Student Entrepreneurship in Universities: The State-of-the-Art. Administrative Sciences, 12: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12010005
85) Schrum, K., and Bogdewiecz, S. 2021 Cultivating research skills through scholarly digital storytelling. Higher Education Research & Development, 41(7), 2382–2394. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.2010667
86) Sen, L. 2009 Communication Skills: Second Edition. PHI Learning Private Limited: New Delhi
87) Setiawan, J.L. 2014 Examining Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy among Students. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, pp 235-242. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.431
88) Shepherd, D.A. and Patzelt, H. 2017 Researching Entrepreneurial Decision Making. In: Trailblazing in Entrepreneurship. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48701-4_8
89) Siebert, J.U., Becker, M. and Oeser, N. 2022 Making a good career choice: A decision-analytical intervention to enhance proactive decision-making and career choice self-efficacy in high school students. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, Volume 21, Issue 1 p. 10-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/dsji.12280
90) Sousa, J.M. and Almeida, M.D.R. 2014 Entrepreneurial skills development. Recent Advances Economics, 135-139. ISBN: 978-960-474-394-0
91) Stanford University. n.d. What is Entrepreneurship? Stanford Online. https://online.stanford.edu/what-is-entrepreneurship
92) Starchenko, L. 2020 Impact of Gender Aspects of Sustainable Entrepreneurship on Country Innovative Development. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 4, 304-311. http://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.4-25
93) Tang, C., Byrge, C. and Zhou, J. 2018 Creativity Perspective on Entrepreneurship. In: Turcan, R., Fraser, N. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Entrepreneurship. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91611-8_5
94) Tem, S., Kuroda, A. and Ngang Tang, K. 2020 The Importance of Soft Skills Development to Enhance Entrepreneurial Capacity. International Educational Research; Vol. 3, No. 3. https://doi.org/10.30560/ier.v3n3p1
95) Trimpop, R.M. (Ed.). 1994 Chapter 1: What Is Risk Taking Behavior'. Advances in Psychology. Vol 107, pp 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)61295-9
96) Twum, K.K., Kwakwa, P.A., Ofori, D. and Nkukpornu A. 2021 The Relationship Between Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation, Network Ties, and Entrepreneurial Intention of Undergraduate Students: Implications on Entrepreneurial Education. Entrepreneurship Education, Vol 4, 39–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-021-00044-w
97) Utama, A.N.B. and Syarif, A. 2023 Student Perspectives on Financial Literacy to Support Entrepreneurial Character. Journal of Business Studies and Management Review, Vol.6, No.2. E-ISSN: 2597-6265
98) Vicens, G.R., Casanovas, L.V., Canals, C.S. and Serra, L. 2022 Entrepreneurship Analysis in Spanish Universities. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 178-190. DOI 10.1108/HESWBL-11-2020-024
99) Vodă, A.I., Covatariu, D. and Ghiuță, O-A. 2019 Student’s Entrepreneurial Intentions: Role of Entrepreneurial Education and Risk Taken Ability. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 7, 1527-1534
100) Wait, M. and Stiehler, B. 2021 Student Self-Determination and Boundaries: An Emerging Market Perspective on the Development of Sales Skills. South African Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 35, No. 6. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-high_v35_n6_a14
101) Yener, H. 2020 Effects of Decision-Making Styles on Entrepreneurship Skills. Technium Social Sciences Journal, Vol 8, pp 569-578. ISSN: 2668-7798
102) Yohana, C. 2020 Factors Influencing the Development of Entrepreneurship Competency in Vocational High School Students: A Case Study. International Journal of Education and Practice, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 804-819. DOI: 10.18488/journal.61.2020.84.804.819
103) Yun, A. and McNaughton, R.B. 2021 Student Entrepreneurship at the University of Auckland 2021. Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey 2021 - National Report New Zealand. Auckland: University of Auckland.
104) Yusof, M., Sandhu, M.S. and Jain, K.K. 2007 Relationship Between Psychological Characteristics and Entrepreneurial Inclination: A Case Study of Students at University Tun Abdul Razak (UNITAR). Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, Vol III (2)
105) Zafar, M.J., Yasin, G., and Ijaz, M. 2012 Social networking a source developing entrepreneurial intentions among enterpreneurs: A case of Multan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 2(8), 1072-1084.
106) Zahra, A., Fakhrisadat, N. and Narges, I. 2014 Explaining the Role of Managerial Skills of Entrepreneurship in Business Success. International Journal of Management Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 1, 42-52.
107) Ziemianski, P. and Golik, J. 2020 Including the Dark Side of Entrepreneurship in the Entrepreneurship Education. Education Sciences, 10, 211; doi:10.3390/educsci10080211
108) Zinn, J. O. 2017 The meaning of risk-taking – key concepts and dimensions. Journal of Risk Research, 22(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2017.1351465
Volume 07 Issue 11 November 2024
There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.
Our Services and Policies
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected.
The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis will publish 12 monthly online issues per year,IJMRA publishes articles as soon as the final copy-edited version is approved. IJMRA publishes articles and review papers of all subjects area.
Open access is a mechanism by which research outputs are distributed online, Hybrid open access journals, contain a mixture of open access articles and closed access articles.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis initiate a call for research paper for Volume 07 Issue 11 (November 2024).
PUBLICATION DATES:
1) Last Date of Submission : 26 November 2024 .
2) Article published within a week.
3) Submit Article : editor@ijmra.in or Online
Why with us
1 : IJMRA only accepts original and high quality research and technical papers.
2 : Paper will publish immediately in current issue after registration.
3 : Authors can download their full papers at any time with digital certificate.
The Editors reserve the right to reject papers without sending them out for review.
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected. The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.