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VOLUME 06 ISSUE 05 MAY 2023

Conscious Sedation: A Bridge between the Real and Ethereal
1Navneet Kaur,2Inderjeet Singh,3Harpreet Singh,4Rishu Gautam,5Shagun Gill
1,5Post Graduate student, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Baba Jaswant Singh DentalCollege, Ludhiana.
2Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, Baba Jaswant Singh Dental College, Ludhiana.
3Principal and Head of Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Baba Jaswant Singh Dental College, Ludhiana.
4Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Baba Jaswant Singh Dental College, Ludhiana.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i5-19

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ABSTRACT:

The most frequently encountered and unavoidable phenomenon in a dental practice is pain, often accompanied by fear and anxiety. Local anesthetic, which forms the foundation for pain-free dental treatment, does not serve the purpose in anxious patients and needs augmentation with “Conscious Sedation’’ techniques. Nitrous oxide is a frequently used inhalation anaesthetic in dentistry as it is known to provide anxiolysis, mild analgesia, and amnesia. It has proved to be safe in delivering conscious sedation for apprehensive dental patients. This review discusses the role of Nitrous oxide inhalation sedation (NOIS) in the field of endodontics highlighting its objectives, advantages and indications. It also brings to light the multidisciplinary applications of NOIS in dentistry.

KEYWORDS:

Conscious sedation, Nitrous oxide, Nitrous oxide inhalation sedation, Anxiolysis, Analgesia.

REFERENCES

1) Agras, S., Sylvester, D. and Oliveau, D., 1969. The epidemiology of common fears and phobia. Comprehensive psychiatry, 10(2), pp.151-156.

2) Van Wijk, A.J. and Hoogstraten, J., 2006. Reducing fear of pain associated with endodontic therapy. International Endodontic Journal, 39(5), pp.384-388.

3) Galeotti A, Garret Bernardin A, D’Antò V, Ferrazzano GF, Gentile T, Viarani V, et al. Inhalation conscious sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen as alternative to general anesthesia in precooperative, fearful, and disabled pediatric dental patients: A large survey on 688 working sessions. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016:7289310

4) Emmanouil DE, Quock RM. Advances in understanding the actions of nitrous oxide. Anesth Prog 2007; 54:9–18.

5) Jastak JT, Donaldson D. Nitrous oxide. Anesth Prog 1991; 38:142-53

6) Malamed SF. Handbook of Local Anesthesia. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 1997:223–5.

7) Stanley, W., Drum, M., Nusstein, J., Reader, A. and Beck, M., 2012. Effect of nitrous oxide on the efficacy of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Journal of Endodontics, 38(5), pp.565-569.

8) Mellor AC, Dorman ML, Girdler NM. The use of an intra-oral injection of ketorolac in the treatment of irreversible pulpitis. Int Endod J. 2005 Nov;38(11):789-92; discussion 792-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2591.2005.01015_1x. PMID: 16218969.

9) Oleson, M., Drum, M., Reader, A., Nusstein, J. and Beck, M., 2010. Effect of preoperative ibuprofen on the success of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Journal of Endodontics, 36(3), pp.379-382.

10) Gupta, P.D., Mahajan, P., Monga, P., Thaman, D., Khinda, V.I. and Gupta, A., 2019. Evaluation of the efficacy of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation on anxiety and pain levels of patients undergoing endodontic treatment in a vital tooth: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Journal of Conservative Dentistry: JCD, 22(4), p.356.

VOLUME 06 ISSUE 05 MAY 2023

There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.


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