Kouakou M’BRA
Department of English, Senior Lecturer University Alassane Ouattara Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i10-58Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT:
This article deals with the issue of black writers’ commitment for the implementation of Pan-Africanism. In fact, black writers in America, the Caribbean and Africa have developed an episteme that aims at reconnecting black people not only with their genuine cultural and historical matrix, but also at urging them to struggle for unity. Their literary oeuvre and actions posit Pan-Africanism as the required weapon for black empowerment and progress. This study unveils the transformation of Pan-Africanism throughout history. The Afrocentric perspective that underpins it, deconstructs the Western political, economic and cultural hegemony and advocates black agency through unity. This analysis, therefore, argues that black writers’ vision and action still operate as a fertile ground for the implementation of the ever-changing Pan-Africanism.
KEYWORDS:Black Empowerment, Black writers, History, Pan-Africanism, Western Imperialism
REFERENCES:1) Abu-Jamal Mumia (2017) Have Black Lives Ever Mattered? Open Media Series editor: Greg Ruggiero
2) Adeleke Tunde, The case against Afrocentricism, University Press of Mississippi 2009.
3) AU Echo, Issue 5 (27 January 2013)
4) Armah,Ayi Kwei, (2010) Remembering the Dismembered Continent, Popenguine, Per Ankh (1979) The Healers, African Writers Series, London
5) Asante, Molefi Kete,(2007) An Afrocentric Manifesto, Cambridge, Polity Press
6) Carmichael Stokely (2005) Ready for Revolution: The Life and Struggles of Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture), New York, Scribner (1970). The Highest Political Expression of Black Power is Pan-Africanism.Pan-African Union. From Black Power to Pan-Africanism: Remembering
7) Kwame Ture - All-African People's Revolutionary Party (aaprp-intl.org)
8) Edmondson, L. (1967) ‘Black Power: A View from the Outside’ Africa Today, 14/6 pp.6-9
9) Delany, Martin (1852) Condition, E. (1852). Emigration and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States, The Delany, 16,106-108
10) (1882)The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People in the United States, 1882, Black Classic Press, Baltimore
11) Diop, Cheikh Anta (1978), Black Africa: The Economic and Cultural Basis for a Federated State, Chicago: Lawrence Hill and Co (1974)The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality, New York, L Hill
12) Ferkiss, V. C (1966), Africa’s Search for Identity (New York: George Braziller, 81–2.
13) Frantz Fanon, (1882) The Wretched of the Earth. Translated by Constance Farrington. New York: Grove Press, X.
14) Goody, Jack (2006) The Theft of History, Cambridge University Press
15) Global reporting Center,2020, Online) (Black Lives Matter resonates with Africans pushing for decolonisation - Global Reporting Centre).
16) Garvey Marcus, ‘1987) Life and Lesson, Barbara Blair,
17) (1921). If You Believe the Negro Has a Soul. History Matters. Audio, recorded.
18) Hakim Adi (2018) Pan-Africanism: A History, Great Britain: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Ibirogba Temi, (2023, 7 March) Pan-Africanism and Today's Movement for Black Lives | The Baraza (2021),
19) Kazeem Yomi (2023, 15 March) African writers protest George Floyd killing, US racial injustice (qz.com) (2020)
20) Kagumire Rosebell (2023, 8 April) Black Lives Matter resonates with Africans pushing for decolonisation - Global Reporting Centre (2020)
21) Yomi Kazeem, (2023, 10 March African writers protest George Floyd killing, US racial injustice (qz.com) (2020)
22) Kemi Seba, (2018) L’Afrique libre ou la mort (Tome 3), Fiat Lux
23) Kehinde Andrews (2018) Back to Black Retelling Black Radicalism for the 21st Century, London, Zedbooks.
24) Lock Alain (2023, 8 March) Alain Locke | Biography, Books, & Facts | Britannica
25) “Harlem,” Survey Graphic 53, no. 11 (March 1, 1925): 630.
26) Nkrumah Kwame (1968) The Spectre of Black Power (London: Panaf Books,), 10–14. 28 M. O. West
27) (1963) Africa must Unite, New York Frederick A. Praeger publisher
28) Malcom X, (1989) The Last Speeches. New York: Pathfinder
29) Negritude Literary Movement Britannica, (2023, 12 March) Negritude | Definition, Movement, Characteristics, & Facts | Britannica)
30) Olufemi Taiwo, (2010) How Colonialism Preempted Modernity in Africa, Blomington IN: Indiana University Press
31) Onvebuchi Eze Michael, (2019) Pan Africanism: A Brief Intellectual History https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262828764
32) Philipson Robert, ‘The Harlem Renaissance as Postcolonial phenomenon’, AfricanAmerican Review,Vol. 40, No. 1 (Spring, 2006), pp. 145-160 (16 pages), Published By: The Johns Hopkins University Press
33) Thiong’O, Ngugi Wa (2009) Something torn and New: an African renaissance, new York:Basic Civitas Books
34) (2004) African Identities: Pan-Africanism in the Era of Globalization and Capitalist Fundamentalism, Macalester International, vol 14
35) Trevor-Roper, H. R. 1965 The rise of Christian Europe. London: Thames and Hudson
36) Walter Rodney (1972) How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Bogle l’Ouverture Publications
Volume 06 Issue 10 October 2023
There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.
Our Services and Policies
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected.
The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis will publish 12 monthly online issues per year,IJMRA publishes articles as soon as the final copy-edited version is approved. IJMRA publishes articles and review papers of all subjects area.
Open access is a mechanism by which research outputs are distributed online, Hybrid open access journals, contain a mixture of open access articles and closed access articles.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis initiate a call for research paper for Volume 07 Issue 05 (May 2024).
PUBLICATION DATES:
1) Last Date of Submission : 26 May 2024 .
2) Article published within a week.
3) Submit Article : editor@ijmra.in or Online
Why with us
1 : IJMRA only accepts original and high quality research and technical papers.
2 : Paper will publish immediately in current issue after registration.
3 : Authors can download their full papers at any time with digital certificate.
The Editors reserve the right to reject papers without sending them out for review.
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected. The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.