1Amaravathi D, 2M.S.Reddy
1,2Centre for Apiculture Studies, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru-560056, INDIA
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v5-i2-46Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT:
Eco-immunological studies on feral organisms can throw insights into how host–pathogen dynamics fluctuate with selective pressure from human interventions and other natural infestations. Feral colonies are more susceptible to pathogen attack than the managed bees, in the absence of disease treatments. During the study tried to investigate the role of pathogen infections [Deformed wing virus (DWV) and Nosema ceranae] and gene expression of immune members (defensin-1, hymenoptaecin, pgrp-lc, pgrp-s2 and argonaute- 2) in the survival of feral bee colonies across seasons (winter and summer). We surveyed a total of 90 feral colonies over a 3-year period (2018–2021), measuring the pathogen levels and immune gene expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Our results confirmed of the positive upregulation of the immune gene members in winters where pathogen loads are found to be more. Higher pathogen levels seem to be associated with increased immune gene expression across all the species in the study. There was no significant effect seen among species, but significant effect was seen across the seasons (p < 0.05). Our results could help in suggesting the possible indicator genes to assess the overall health of honey bee colonies and provide evidence for the role of feralization in how they cope up with pathogen landscapes.
KEYWORDS:Apis cerana, feral colonies, Immune related genes, Real time PCR.
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