• editor@ijmra.in
  • ISSN[Online] : 2643-9875  ||  ISSN[Print] : 2643-9840

VOLUME 04 ISSUE 12 December 2021

Standing Against to Workplace Discrimination (In the Name of Law & Order, Humanity, Religion, and Better Management): A Literature Review
1Banu Demirhan, 2Cengiz Yılmaz
1Department of Economics and Administrative Programs Afyon Kocatepe University, Eskişehir Yolu, Afyon, Turkey
2Department of Business, Afyon Kocatepe University Gazlıgöl Yolu, ANS Kampusü, 03200 Afyon
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v4-i12-34

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT:

Rational judgments and decisions should be based on solid logic and rationale as well as numeric variables. On the other hand, irrational judgments and decisions rely on feelings, linguistic variables. Appointed executives who manage acting businesses must demonstrate solid logic, numeric and linguistic justifications for their decisions to the stakeholders: business owners, government, share-stakeholders. The study examines the justification and logic of the four main factors why humanity fights against discrimination during the promotion: legally, humanitarian reasons, religious grounds, and administrative reasons. The study strongly suggests that discrimination during the promotion is against the law, religion, humanity, and efficient management. For these reasons, honest, fair people and organizations have to fight against discrimination; in the name of law, in the name of religion, in the name of humanity, and in the name of managerial efficiency. Discriminators, who are unfairly making the lives of innocent employees, their children, and partners hell, have to be punished by the law, religion, humanity, and management for realizing humanistic and holistic justice.

KEY WORDS:

Discrimination at Workplace during Promotion stage, worthiness, jurisdictional, humanitarian, Religious, and Managerial perspective

REFERENCES

1) Amaro, H., Russo, N. F., & Johnson, J. (1987). Family and Work Predictors of Psychological Well-Being Among Hispanic Women Professionals. Psychol Women, Sayı. 11, 505–521,.

2) American Convention On Human Rights "Pact Of San Jose, Costa Rica Https://Www.Oas.Org/Dil/Access_To_Information_American_Convention_On_Human_Rights.Pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 01-07-2021).

3) Atkinson, A. B. (1971). The Economics of Inequality 146 (2nd Ed., Clarendon Press 1983) (1975) (Citing P.B. Doeringer & M.J. Piore, Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysıs).

4) Brouwers, EPM, Mathijssen J, Van Bortel T, Knifton L. (2015) Discrimination in the Workplace, Reported by People With Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study in 35 Countries. BMJ Open 2016;6:E009961. Doi:10.1136/Bmjopen-2015-009961 (Erişim Tarihi: 01-06-2021).

5) Burkard, A. W., Boticki, M. A., & Madson, M. B. (2002). Workplace Discrimination, Prejudice, and Diversity Measurement: a Review of Instrumentation. Journal of Career Assessment, Vol. 10 No. 3, 343–361

6) Chung, Y. B., & Harmon, L. W. (1999). Assessment of Perceived Occupational Opportunity for Black Americans. Journal of Career Assessment, 7, 45-62.

7) Clapham, A. (2006) Human Rights Obligations of the Non-State Actors. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

8) Constitution of the Republic of Turkey: TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANAYASASI Kanun No.: 2709 Kabul Tarihi: 7.11.1982, 20/10/1982 Tarihli Ve 17844 Sayılı Resmî Gazete’de Yayımlanana Anayasa Metni Https://Www.TBMM.Gov.Tr/Anayasa/Anayasa_2018.Pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 01-06-2021).

9) Demiral, C. (2005) “4857 Sayılı İş Kanunu’nda Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığı”, E – Akademi Hukuk, Ekonomi & Siyasal Bilimler İnternet Dergisi, Sayı. 37, Ss. 21- 22.

10) European Convention on Human Rights (Rome, 4.XI.1950), https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/convention_eng.pdf

11) Friedman, M (1970). "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits," New York Times Magazine.

12) Friedman, M., (1970) A theoretical framework for monetary analysis. J. Polit. Econ. 78, 193–238.

13) Ghumman, S., Ryan, A. M., Barclay, L. A., & Markel, K. S. (2013). Religious discrimination in the workplace: A review and examination of current and future trends. Journal of Business and Psychology, 28, 439-454.

14) Hegarty, W. H., & Dalton, D. R. (1995). Development and Psychometric Properties of the Organizational Diversity Inventory (ODI). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55, 1047-1052.

15) Hodge, D. R. (2006). Moving Toward a More Inclusive Educational Environment? a Multi-Sample Exploration of Religious Discrimination as Seen Through the Eyes of Students from Various Faith Traditions. Journal of Social Work Education, 42, 249-267.

16) Hultin, M. (1998). Gender Differences in Workplace Authority: Discrimination and the Role of Organizational leaders, Acta Sociologica, Vol. 41, No. 2, Ss. 99-113.

17) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) Adopted and Opened for Signature, Ratification and Accession by General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966 Https://Www.Ohchr.Org/Documents/Professionalinterest/Cescr.Pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 01-06-2021).

18) International Criminal Court (2002) https://www.icc-cpi.int/about

19) James K, Lovato C & Cropanzano R (1994) Correlational and Known-Group Comparison Validation of a Workplace Prejudice Discrimination Inventory, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 17, Ss. 157~7·1592.

20) James S. A., LaCroix A. Z. & Kleinbaum D.G. (1984). John Henryism and Blood Pressure Differences Among Black Men. II. The Role Of Occupational Stressors. J. Behav. Med. 7: 259–275.

21) Jolson, M. A. (1974). Employment Barriers in Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 38, 67-74

22) Karagöz, V. (2012). İş Hukukunda Ayrımcılık Tazminatı. Erzincan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, v:1 Pp. 57-76.

23) Kelman, M. (1991) Concepts of Discrimination in "General Ability" Job Testing, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 104, No. 6, Pp. 1157-1247.

24) King, E. B., & Ahmad, A. S. (2010). An Experimental Field Study Of İnterpersonal Discrimination Toward Muslim Job Applicants. Personnel Psychology, 63, 881-906.

25) Krieger, N. (1990) Racial and Gender Discrimination: Risk Factors For High Blood Pressure? Soc. Sci. Med. 30: 1273–1281.

26) Krieger, N. (1999). Embodying Inequality: A Review of Concepts, Measures, and Methods for Studying Health Consequences of Discrimination. International Journal of Health Services 29: 295-352

27) Kuran: Https://Kuran.Diyanet.Gov.Tr/Tefsir/ (Erişim Tarihi: 01-06-2021).

28) Larkey, L. K., (1996) The Development and Validation of the Workforce Diversity Questionnaire: An Instrument to Assess Interactions in Diverse Groups, Management Communication Quarterly, 9(3), pg. 296-337.

29) Lofaso A. M. (2017) Workers' Rights as Natural Human Rights, University of Miami Law Review, 4-24, 564-524.

30) Lofaso, A. M. (2007) Toward a Foundational Theory of Workers' Rights: The Autonomous Dignified Worker, UMKC LAW REVIEW, No. 75. Ss. 1-65.

31) Marımuthu, M., Arokıasamy, L. & Ismaıl, M. (2009) Human Capıtal Development and Its Impact on Fırm Performance: Evıdence From Developmental Economıcs. The Journal of International Social Research, Volume 2/8. Ss.265-272.

32) Marr, B., Schiuma, G. & Neely, A., (2004). Intellectual capital and knowledge management effectiveness. Business Process Management Journal, Vol:10 No:5 Ss 551-569

33) Montei, M. S., Adams, G.,A. & Eggers L., M. (1996). Validity of Scores on the Attitudes toward Diversity Scale (ATDS) educational and psychological measurement, Sayı. 56 issue 2.

34) Murrell, N. L. (1996). Stress, Self-Esteem, and Racism: Relationships with Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery in African American Women. J. Natl. Black Nurses Assoc. 8: 45–53.

35) Sa'Enz J. (2005) Human Capital İndicators, Business Performance and Market-to-Book Ratio, Journal of Intellectual Capital. Sayı. 6 No. 3, Ss. 374-384

36) Santora, J. C., & Seaton, W. J. (2008), Age Discrimination: Alive and Well in the Workplace? Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 22, No. 2 Pp. 103-104.

37) Somuncu K, Ilter B, Yılmaz C, and Kaymaz A. R, (2015) Kadınların Muhasebe Mesleğindeki Girişimciliğini Engelleyen Unsurlar, Uluslararası Katılımlı Sosyal Yaşam ve Kadın Sempozyumu, 21-22 Aralık, Konya, pp: 325-340.

38) Sperino, S. F. (2011), Rethınkıng Dıscrımınatıon Law, Michigan Law Review, October 2011, Vol. 110, No. 1 Ss. 69-125

39) The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2011) Eşit İstihdam Fırsatı heyeti: https://www.eeoc.gov/federal-sector/reports/equal-employment-opportunity-commission-eeoc-fy-2011-eeo-complaint.

40) The European Convention on Human Rights (Rome, 4.XI.1950) https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/convention_eng.pdf.

41) The International Labour Office; Convention No. 111. See 22.05.1967 Tarihli ve 12602 Sayılı Resmi Gazete ve Ek Kararname İçin Bkz. 21.09.1967 ve 12705 Sayılı Resmi Gazete. Sözleşme’nin Resmi Türkçe Adı “İş ve Meslek Bakımından Ayırım Hakkında Sözleşme” Şeklindedir

42) The Social Accountability 8000 Standard Web Page Www.Sa-İntl.Org/Sa8000.Html

43) Thomas W. H. & Feldman, D. C. (2010). Human Capital and Objective İndicators of Career Success: The Mediating Effects of Cognitive Ability and Conscientiousness. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 83, 207–235

44) Thorat, S. & Newman, K. S. (2007) Caste and Economic Discrimination: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, Economic and Political Weekly, - 19, 2007, Vol. 42, No.- 19, Ss. 4121-4124

45) Thyer, B., & Myers, L. (2009). Religion Discrimination in Social Work Academic Programs: Whither Social Justice? Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 28, 144.

46) Turkish Labor Law: İŞ KANUNU Kanun Numarası : 4857 Kabul Tarihi : 22/5/2003 Yayımlandığı Resmî Gazete : Tarih : 10/6/2003 Sayı : 25134 Yayımlandığı Düstur : Tertip : 5 Cilt : 42 Https://Www.Mevzuat.Gov.Tr/Mevzuatmetin/1.5.4857.Pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 01-06-2021).

47) Turkish Unions law Act 2821. Sendikalar Kanunu, Kanun Numarası : 2821 Kabul Tarihi : 5/5/1983 Yayımlandığı R. Gazete : Tarih : 7/5/1983 Sayı : 18O40 Yayımlandığı Düstur : Tertip : 5 Cilt : 22 Sayfa : 316 Https://Www.Mevzuat.Gov.Tr/Mevzuatmetin/1.5.2821.Pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 01-06-2021).

48) United Nations (1948) United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights Https://Www.Jus.Uio.No/Lm/En/Pdf/Un.Universal.Declaration.of.Human.Rights.1948.Portrait.Letter.Pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 01-06-2021).

49) Wolf, W. C. & Fligstein. N. D. (1979). Sexual Stratification: Differences in Power in The Work Setting. Social Forces, 58. 94-107.

50) Wright P. M., McMahan G. C., McCormick, B & Sherman W. S.t (1998) Strategy, Core Competence, and HR Involvement as Determinants of HR Effectiveness and Refinery Performance, Human Resource Management, Spring, Vol. 37, No. 1, Ss. 17–29

51) Wright, E. O., Baxter, J. & Birkelund, G. E. (1995). The Gender Gap in Workplace Authority in Seven Nations. American Sociological Review, 60, 407 - 435.

52) Yılmaz, C. & Demirhan, B. (2016) Long-Term Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis on the Balkan Countries, British Journal Of Economics, Management & Trade, 13(1): 1-12,

VOLUME 04 ISSUE 12 December 2021

Our Services and Policies

Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected.

The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis will publish 12 monthly online issues per year,IJMRA publishes articles as soon as the final copy-edited version is approved. IJMRA publishes articles and review papers of all subjects area.

Open access is a mechanism by which research outputs are distributed online, Hybrid open access journals, contain a mixture of open access articles and closed access articles.

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis initiate a call for research paper for Volume 07 Issue 04 ( April 2024).

PUBLICATION DATES:
1) Last Date of Submission : 25 April 2024 .
2) Article published within a week.
3) Submit Article : editor@ijmra.in or Online

Why with us

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis is better then other journals because:-
1 : IJMRA only accepts original and high quality research and technical papers.
2 : Paper will publish immediately in current issue after registration.
3 : Authors can download their full papers at any time with digital certificate.

The Editors reserve the right to reject papers without sending them out for review.

Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected. The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.

Indexed In
Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar