Athir Ihsan Shakir
Directorate of Salahaddin Education - Ministry of Education – Iraq
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i08-41Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT:
Renal illness caused by stones is the term for a solid substance concretion that usually develops inside the kidneys. A rising urological condition influences the well-being of people and affects about 12% of the world's population. An increased chance of ending stage of renal failure and they are closely related. There are several types of kidney stones. The CaC2O4 kidney calculi are the most common type. It appears at Randall plaque's renal papillary surfaces. (1) Several physicochemical mechanisms, such as supersaturating, urinary stone nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention components found in tubular cells, which aid in the complex process of formation of stones. An inequity between the elements that promote or inhibit the crystallization of urine influences these phases. Moreover, Scientists have noticed that renal injury of cells promotes particle retention reticular body. (2)
REFERENCES1) Giannossi L., Summa V. A review of pathological biomineral analysis techniques and classification schemes. In: Aydinalp C.,editor. An Introduction to the Study of Mineralogy. InTech, IMAA-CNR, Italy: InTechOpen; 2012. a. http://www.intechopen.com/books/ [Google Scholar]
2) Lopez M., Hoppe B. History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. Pediatric Nephrology. 2008;25(1):49–59. doi: 10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
3) Mikawlrawng K., Kumar S., Vandana R. Current scenario of urolithiasis and the use of medicinal plants as antiurolithiatic agents in Manipur (North East India): a review. International Journal of Herbal Medicine. 2014;2(1):1–12. [Google Scholar]
4) Khan S. R., Pearle M. S., Robertson W. G., et al. Kidney stones. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2016;2:p. 16008. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.8. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
5) Sigurjonsdottir V. K., L.Runolfsdottir H., Indridason O. S., et al. Impact of nephrolithiasis on kidney function. BMC Nephrology. 2015;16(1):p. 149. doi: 10.1186/s12882-015-0126-1. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
6) El-Zoghby Z. M., Lieske J. C., Foley R. N., et al. Urolithiasis and the risk of ESRD. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2012;7(9):1409–1415. doi: 10.2215/cjn.03210312. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
7) Rule A. D., Roger V. L., Melton L. J., et al. Kidney stones associate with increased risk for myocardial infarction. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2010;21(10):1641–1644. doi: 10.1681/asn.2010030253. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
8) Worcester E. M., Coe F. L. Nephrolithiasis. Primary Care. 2008;35(2):369–391. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2008.01.005. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
9) Taylor E. N., Stampfer M. J., Curhan G. C. Obesity, weight gain and the risk of kidney stones. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2005;293(4):455–462. doi: 10.1001/jama.293.4.455. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
10) Courbebaisse M., Prot-Bertoye C., Bertocchio J., et al. Nephrolithiasis of adult: from mechanisms to preventive medical treatment. Revue Medicale Internationale. 2017;38(1):44–52. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.05.013. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
11) Kumar S. B. N., Kumar K. G., Srinivasa V., Bilal S. A review on urolithiasis. International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Life Sciences. 2012;2(2):269–280. [Google Scholar]
12) Teichman J. M., Joel M. H. Acute renal colic from ureteral calculus. New England Journal of Medicine. 2004;350(7):684–693. doi: 10.1056/nejmcp030813. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
13) Knoll T. Epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of urolithiasis. European Urology Supplements. 2010;9(12):802–806. doi: 10.1016/j.eursup.2010.11.006. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
14) Chauhan C. K., Joshi M. J., Vaidya A. D. B. Growth inhibition of struvite crystals in the presence of herbal extract Commiphora wightii. Journal of Materials Science. 2008;20(1):85–92. doi: 10.1007/s10856-008-3489-z. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
15) Moe O. W. Kidney stones: pathophysiology and medical management. The Lancet. 2006;367(9507):333–344. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68071-9. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
16) Romero V., Akpinar H., Assimos D. G. Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Reviews in Urology. 2010;12(2-3):e86–e96. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
17) Edvardsson V. O., Indridason O. S., Haraldsson G., Kjartansson O., Palsson R. Temporal trends in the incidence of kidney stone disease. Kidney International. 2013;83(1):146–152. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.320. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
18) Afsar B., Kiremit M. C., Sag A. A., et al. The role of sodium intake in nephrolithiasis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and future directions. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2016;35:16–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.07.001. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
19) Robertson W. G., Heyburn P. J., Peacock M., Hanes F. A., Swaminathan R. The effect of high animal protein intake on the risk of calcium stone-formation in the urinary tract. Clinical Science. 1979;57(3):285–288. a. doi: 10.1042/cs0570285. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
20) Singh K. B., Sailo S. Understanding epidemiology and etiologic factors of urolithiasis: an overview. Scientific Visualization. 2013;13(4):169–174. [Google Scholar]
Volume 07 Issue 08 August 2024
There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.
Our Services and Policies
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected.
The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis will publish 12 monthly online issues per year,IJMRA publishes articles as soon as the final copy-edited version is approved. IJMRA publishes articles and review papers of all subjects area.
Open access is a mechanism by which research outputs are distributed online, Hybrid open access journals, contain a mixture of open access articles and closed access articles.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis initiate a call for research paper for Volume 07 Issue 12 (December 2024).
PUBLICATION DATES:
1) Last Date of Submission : 26 December 2024 .
2) Article published within a week.
3) Submit Article : editor@ijmra.in or Online
Why with us
1 : IJMRA only accepts original and high quality research and technical papers.
2 : Paper will publish immediately in current issue after registration.
3 : Authors can download their full papers at any time with digital certificate.
The Editors reserve the right to reject papers without sending them out for review.
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected. The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.