Dr Esha Jainiti

Associate Professor, Amity School of Communication Amity University Haryana

The paper aims to explore the translation of violence from textual sources to the screen and its implications for human rights violations. The art forms we create are a product of our collective memories of experiences. Whereas many other forms of expression produce still images that need to be viewed, read or heard to get an impact and reaction. Cinema as a moving visual art brings together likeminded people to create visuals that immediately attract all segments of our society. The reactions are often generated instantly and spreads through various social media platforms, generating much debate and heat. The social imbalances between man and woman have been subjects of many novels and stories. The different power equations between different castes have also been focused at times. Despite making much progress – both in terms of social movements and legal provisions, domestic violence still persists in India. It is rather on the rise in India posing a great concern for the human rights activists. Whereas the verbal texts have had limited effects in raising our consciousness, once transferred into life-like visuals, women become visibly matters of objectification. Most stop at raising the gender issues as their critiques. The research utilizes a multimodal approach, considering both the visual and verbal elements of film texts. By understanding the significance of film as a medium and its impact on viewers, this study provides insights into the intersection of cinema, society, and human rights.

Domestic Violence, Human Rights, Cinema and Society, Social Issues and Films

1) Bordwell, D. (1985). Narration in the Fiction Film, Madison, WI: The University of ' Wisconsin Press. (1989) 'A Case for Cognitivism', Iris 9 (Spring): 11-40.

2) Chaume Varela, F. (2003). “Models of Research in Audiovisual Translation,” Babel 48-1, pp. 1-13.

3) Borstnar, N.; et al. (2002). Einführung in die Film- und Fernsehwissenschaft,Konstanz, UVK Verlagsgesells chaft.

4) Kress, G. and Van Leeuwen, T. (1996). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design, London/New York, Routledge

5) Baumgarten, N. (2005). The Secret Agent: Film dubbing and the influence of the English language on German communicative preferences. Towards a Model for the Analysis of Language Usein Visual Media, dissertation, Universität Hamburg, .

6) Surette, R. (1998). Some unpopular thoughts about popular culture. In F. Bailey & D. Hale (Eds.), Popular culture, crime, and justice (pp. xiv–xxiv). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

7) Surette, R. (2007). Media, crime, and criminal justice. Images and realities (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson-Wadsworth

8) Coyne, S.M., & Archer, J. (2004). Indirect aggression in the media: A content analysis of British television programs. Aggressive Behavior, 30, 254– 271.

9) Darley, J.M., & Pittman, T.S. (2003). The psychology of compensatory and retributive justice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7, 324–336.

10) Rafter, N. (2006). Shots in the mirror: Crime films and society (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

11) Raney, A. (2005). Punishing media criminal and moral judgment: The impact on enjoyment. Media Psychology, 7, 145– 163.

12) Rothe, D.L., & Ross, J.L. (2007). Lights, camera, state crime. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 14, 330–343.

13) Hickey, E.W. (2006). Serial murderers and their victims (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

14) Weitzer, R., & Kubrin, C.E. (2004). Breaking news: How local TV news and real-world conditions affect fear of crime. Justice Quarterly, 21, 497–520.

15) Phillips, N.D., & Strobl, S. (2006). Cultural criminology and kryptonite: Apocalyptic and retributive constructions of crime and justice in comic books. Crime, Media, Culture, 2, 304–331.

16) Katz, J. (1987). What makes crime news? Media, Culture, and Society, 9, 47–75.

17) Bhat, M., & Ullman, S. E. (2014). Examining Marital Violence in India Review and Recommendations for Future Research and Practice. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 15(1), 57- 74.

18) Manohar, U. and Kline, S.L. (2014). Sexual Assault Portrayals in Hindi Cinema. Sex Roles, 71: 233. doi:10.1007/s11199- 014-0404-6

VOLUME 06 ISSUE 06 JUNE 2023

There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.