¹Dr. Shikha Mishra , ²Dr. Uday Veer Singh

¹LL.M., NET, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Law, IFTM University, Moradabad

²LL.M. NET JRF Ph.D Assistant Professor, Law, IFTM University, Moradabad

Prisons are those dark wells, which are kept separate from the society. Suffering and torture of prisoners are remained in existence from the ancient time. Numerous agonies are faced by prisoners' in name of punishment during their detention as maltreatment, third degree torture, overcrowding or congestion, sanitation etc. The stories of prisons don’t come out of their walls generally. Administering of the prison must be in accordance with the law so that the prisoners can live behind walls of prisons with human dignity. Administration of prison and prison rights jurisprudence is linked to each other. The prisoners’ rights jurisprudence is evolved and developed because of inhuman attitude with prisoners in jails and growth of human right jurisprudence. Different human rights of the detained persons are protected and enforced through various laws at different times. However, even after the enactment of plethora of legislations not only the instances of violations are still continue but also many sufferings remain untold. The area of human rights is a dynamic in itself, it has been changed with the growth of civilizations. This paper deals with administration of prisons, types of prisons, officers of prisons and their duties. The paper examines the duties of jail officials. The paper has come to an end with the help of doctrinal method of research.

Prison Administration, Prison, officers of prisons and their duties, human rights.

1) Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984.

2) Quoted, Report of All India Jail Manual Committee, 1957-59, para. 3.

3) Charles Sobhraj vs. Superintendent Central Tihar Jail, Tihar New Delhi, AIR 1978 SC 1514.

4) http://upprison.gov.in/pdf/admin_rpt_2010_final.pdf last visited on 25/7/21

5) Sunil Batra vs. Delhi Administration (II), AIR 1980 SC 1579.

6) P. C. Harigovind, “The Indian Jurisprudence on Prison Admistration and the Legislative Concerns”, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 9, Issue 5 (Mar. - Apr. 2013), PP 24-29 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.Iosrjournals.Org

7) section 3(1) of The Prisons Act, 1894.

8) Scection 53 of Indian Penal Code,1860 (Act no. 45 of 1860)

9) John Lewis Gillin, “Criminology & Penology”, rev. ed., 1935, pp.203-204

10) Manu Smriti VII, 15 quoted by P.Ishwara Bhat, in “Fundamental Rights” Eastern Law House, page 56

11) Indra J. Singh, Indian Prison-A sociological Enquiry, concept, New Delhi, p. 20.

12) Prof. N.V.Paranjape, “Criminology, Penology & Victimology”, Central Law Publications, 15th Ed. Reprint 2012, page 428.

13) Mohammad Hamid Khuraishi, Rajgir, revised by A. G. Ghose , Director General of Archaeology, New Delhi,1958,p.p.27-28

14) Gairola, Vachaspati: Arthasastra of Kautilya, Chaukhamba Vidyabhawan, Varanasi, 2003, pp.95-96.

15) A.L. Srivastava, “The History of India: 1000A.D. 1707 A.D”, Ist Edn.1964, p.522

16) C.S.Malliah, op. cit., p. 36.

17) Jadunath Sarkar, Mughal Administration, M.C. Sarkar Sons Calcutta 1952, pp. 103-107.

18) Zubair Ahmed, “Jail reforms in India: A study of Indian jail Reform Committees”, published in International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education and Research ISSN: 2455-4588; Volume 1; Issue 3; May 2016; Page No. 01-04(page 1)

19) Reforms of Indian Jail Committee, 1864

20) The Imperial Gazetter of India, The Indian Empire, Vol. IV-Administrative, p. 399.

21) R.N. Datir, op. cit., p. 58.

22) supra noted at 15.

23) N.V. Paranjape, Criminology & Penology with Victimology, Central Law Publications; Sixteenth Edition; 2014, p 479

24) Govt. of India: Ministry of Home Affairs, Report of All India Committee on Jail Reforms, 1980-83, p.1. (Referred also in Article Rights of the Prisoners: Behind the Bars, published in Criminal Law Journal, 2010 Journal 179p.)

25) Prof. N. V. Paranjape, “Criminology & Penology with Victimology”, Central Law Publications, Reprint 2012, page 431.

26) Justice Mulla submitted its' Report on Jail Reforms to Home Ministry on 31st March, 1983.

27) State of Gujarat vs. Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat, AIR 1998 SC 3164.

28) State of Gujarat vs. Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat, AIR 1998 SC 3164, referred in an article by Apoorva Goyal, “Victim's Right to Access to Justice”, Criminal Law Journal 2012 Journal 196 p.

29) supra noted as 19, page 432

30) Section 5 of the Prisons Act, 1894.

31) Section 6 of the Prisons Act, 1894

32) Section 11 of the Prisons Act, 1894

33) UP Jail Manual, 1894, Rule 22.

34) Damal H Walcott v. Superintendent, Nagpur Central Prison, 1971 Bom LR 436

35) Section 13 of the Prisons Act, 1894

36) Section 14 of the Prisons Act, 1894

37) Section 15 of the Prisons Act, 1894

38) Medical subordinate referred to in section 6 of the Prison Act, 1894(IX of 1894), in this Manual described as Assistant Medical Officer.

39) UP Jail Manual, 1894, Rule 20

40) Section 16 of the Prisons Act, 1894

41) section 17 of the Prisons Act, 1894

42) section 18 of the Prisons Act, 1894

43) section 19 of the Prisons Act, 1894

44) Section 21, 22, 23 of The Prisons Act, 1894

45) Section 10 of Prisons Act, 1894

46) upprison.gov.in/pdf/admin_rpt_2010_final. pdf.

47) Sutherland and Cressey, “Principles of Criminology”, Sixth Edition, Surjeet Publications, p. 460-461

48) Louis N Robinson, "Contradictory Purposes in Prisons", Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 37:449-457, March-April, 1947.

49) In Re 1382 Prisons case (2018)

50) R. V. Kelkar's, Criminal Procedure, Fifth Edition 2008, Eastern Book Company, page 88.

51) Empress vs. Madar, 1885 AWN 59

52) Suk Das vs. Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh, 1986 SCC (Cri.) 166.

Volume 05 Issue 05 MAY 2022

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